Site selection

First, the objective of the research is considered. This dictates whether a site needs to be, for example, near civilisation or far from it, close to water, or near a particular animal population. Next, the 'reality check' comes in. The amount of money, resources, personnel and time necessary to complete the research is taken into account.

When a site is selected, researchers start collecting general information on the site. This includes information on climate, soil types, aspect, ground slope and a history of the area.

Setting up a plot

The next step involves documenting the species diversity and tree composition within the site. To do this, researchers use permanent plot methodology.

A permanent plot is a one-hectare area — that is, a square 100 metres by 100 metres. Researchers work with surveyors to stake out the hectare. Surveying is a complex activity and requires specialised equipment. It's important to minimise disturbance to the study site.

The hectare plot is then divided into 25 quadrats. A quadrat measures 20 metres by 20 metres. Each quadrat is given a number from 1 to 25.

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